This page is concerned with a proprietary board game that is not currently offered for sale.
It is not primarily concerned with the game of Ploy, which was one of the Bookshelf Games offered by 3M at one time, although that is very definitely also a proprietary board game that is deserving of wider attention, some of which it received when it was recently reissued as Imperium by Schmidt Spiele.
Thus, I will note that the three pieces in the front move one space at a time, and are called Shields; those in the next row move two spaces at a time, and are called Lances, those in the final row, except for the one in the middle, move three spaces at a time, and are called Probes. The central piece moves one space at a time, and is called a Commander. The object of the game is to capture the opponent's Commander, or all the pieces of the opponent except for the Commander. Pieces may either be moved from one space to as many spaces as they are allowed in one of the directions in which they point, or they may be rotated, as a move. The Shields, only, may also be first moved, and then rotated, as a single move.
Nor is it concerned about Reversi, which is again popular and widely played, after a version of it was brought out commercially under another trademark, although I will now mention a few words about it here.
The game was originally played on a board of a different shape, and was available to the public in that form in 1876, as invented by John W. Mollett, under the name "The Game of Annexation". I have seen the shape of the board for that game in three diagrams people have drawn for their web sites, but I have not been able to locate a more original source for that information:
No doubt the board was printed in black-and-white, but it could well have been chequered in some way, as would have been common at that time.
Although I have not been able to find a contemporary account of the shape of its board, the legal case brought by John W. Mollett against Lewis Waterman is recorded in contemporary accounts (such as "The Law Times Reports of Cases Decided in the House of Lords, the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal..." volume LIX, for September 1888 to February 1889, available on Google Books), and so there is no doubt about the original provenance of the game.
However, the firm of F. H. Ayres, still billing Mollett as the inventor, later sold sets for the game of Annexation that used the same 8 by 8 layout as those sold by Lewis Waterman's firm Jaques & Co., which we will meet again on this page as selling Shan Tu, a variation of Chinese Checkers, and which is well known as having first sold Chess pieces on the Staunton pattern.
The modern game, played on a board with the same shape as a Chess or Checkers board, was invented in 1883 by Lewis Waterman. However, it still differed in two respects from the game currently sold as Othello, invented by Goro Hasegawa: in Reversi, players begin by alternately placing pieces in the four central squares of the board, rather than automatically starting from the fixed configuration which is the recommended one for Reversi, and, in Reversi, if a player cannot place a piece so as to flip some of the opponent's pieces in a turn, that player merely forfeits his turn, not the game.
Although Othello began being sold commercially in 1973, Goro Hasegawa invented this version of Reversi shortly after the end of the Second World War; this was before the game of Reversi was brought to public awareness in Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games column for July, 1961, so it indeed was an independent invention.
Later, a more elaborate version of Reversi was brought out, where the pieces were cubes having six different colors on their six sides, so that it could be played by up to six players, under the name "Royal Reversi", the board being pictured at left.
In this version of the game, one piece is rolled as a die to decide who the first player will be, and then it is placed with the same side uppermost on the central circle. Then, the players, starting with that first player and proceeding counter-clockwise, place pieces with their color uppermost on the numbered circles until each has placed two pieces, in the order indicated by the numbers:
10 2 1 7 11 3 -- 4 12 8 5 6 9
There was one very important way in which the rules for Royal Reversi differed from those for ordinary Reversi. In order to move, a player must be able to place a piece with his color uppermost so that there is a line of pieces of other colors, terminated by another piece with his color uppermost, to be flipped - or, in this case, rotated, to be his color. This is still true; what differs is that if such a move creates several such lines of pieces that can be turned, it is only required that the player making the move flip the pieces in at least one of those lines; flipping the pieces in any other line formed by the move is optional (although one can only flip all the pieces in a line, or leave them all untouched).
The 1947 edition of Richard L. Frey's The New Complete Hoyle notes that Royal Reversi was revived by Milton-Bradley in 1938 under the name Chameleon; this was later noted in Martin Gardner's column as well. However, Martin Gardner correctly noted that Chameleon was not quite identical to Royal Reversi: in fact, its board looked like this:
Although the central squares are numbered, somewhat as in Royal Reversi, the square in the center is not skipped, but is instead square number 7, the numbers running from 1 to 13, so the rules for the initial placement of the first few pieces would have to be at least slightly different from those for Royal Reversi to accommodate this, such as placing the first piece on square 7, and then the others in numerical order skipping number 7.
The board, instead of simply being a flat printed surface, had square holes in which the cubes rested.
There is also a game, published by Dujardin, named "Royal Reversi", which uses disks that have two different colors on their two sides, as in Reversi or Othello, and which come in several different pairs of colors; these disks are placed on an 8 by 8 board on which the squares bear images of playing cards.
In 1863, George Safford Parker was born. He went on to great fame as the founder of the Parker Pen company.
When he was three or four years old, however, he was not yet
famous. And thus it was that in 1867,
George Swinnerton Parker was born, who was also famous as the
founder of the firm of Parker Brothers. This firm is well
known as being the North American licensee for the British game Cluedo,
sold as Clue in the U.S. and Canada, and for several of its own games,
for example, the card game Pit, invented by one Edgar Cayce, not
unknown to fame in another connection. It may not be as well known
that Mah Jongg, Tiddly-Winks, and Ping Pong were also originally
Parker Brothers trademarks. And, of course, it is even
better known for a game of which virtually everyone who might see
this web page has heard: Monopoly (which I now also discuss on
this web site, on
We are all familiar with the game of Checkers. In Checkers,
a piece can move one space diagonally forwards, or it can jump
over an opposing piece, again diagonally forwards, capturing it. The object is to capture all of one's opponent's men, or make
it impossible for the opponent to move. And then there is the game of Chinese Checkers, in which a piece
can jump over one's own, or one's opponents', pieces, without that
resulting in a capture. The object is to place all of one's pieces
in the starting area opposite to one's own starting area. The diagram above shows, in the top row, the starting arrangements
for Chinese Checkers applicable for two, three, four, or six players. In the bottom row, the starting arrangements for Star Halma,
the version of this game played in Continental Europe are shown as they
would be for two, three, four, or six players. The arrangement for Star Halma
for four players is merely assumed, and in fact that game may not be playable
by four players, if, as I think reasonable, in the game for six players, the goal
of Green, for instance, is to place his pieces not into Red's starting array,
but rather into a mirror-reflection of Red's starting array including two points
belonging to Orange's starting array. In that case, in the four-player game,
the goals of the two players on one side of the board would overlap. One might think of combining Checkers and Chinese Checkers to produce a game
in which the pieces of one side could move one space, jump over the pieces of
an opponent to capture those pieces, or jump over other pieces on its own side
simply to move more quickly. As captures are possible, the object might be to
move a small number of pieces into a few goal squares. As it happens, George S. Parker showed outstanding originality by devising
just such a game - years before Chinese Checkers was invented. Chinese Checkers
was derived from an earlier game played on a conventional square board, Halma;
this game originated in the United States in 1883 or 1884, however, while George S.
Parker invented Chivalry in 1882. Halma is claimed to have been inspired by an
English game named Hoppity which existed previously, but that game appears not
to have been well known, as its rules apparently do not survive. The diagram above shows the starting arrangements for Halma with two or
four players. Incidentally, as noted in the rules for Peg Chow and Telka,
it was also Parker Brothers that sold Halma. Chinese Checkers was popular enough to have encouraged other variations. The game
pictured at left, Shan Tu, was published by Jaques, the company that later became
famous as a maker of quality Chess pieces, particularly as it was the company that
originally produced the Staunton pattern of piece.
This was also the company that was owned by Lewis Waterman which originally sold
Reversi. Another old game of theirs, Hexagony, not the same as the later game of the same
name by Avalon Hill, is pictured at right. The rules of Jaques' Hexagony are not given on the Web, although they may survive
somewhere. In the meantime, I will hazard a guess as to what they may have been. I suspect that the pieces moved and captured like pieces in Checkers, except in the
(orthogonal-like) directions of immediately adjacent hexagons, although they
may not have been able to perform multiple jumps. The object of the game could have been
to place one's own King in the starting square of the opponent's King; if so, two other
rules are possible: the King might have been immune to capture by enemy Pawns (and possibly
unable to capture them as well), but able to capture the opposing King by displacement
if it is sitting on its starting square. A more common rule for early games would be one requiring the King to move out of its
starting square as soon as possible, but this is complicated by this not being possible
at the start of the game. The Pawns may also have been restricted from moving backwards to some extent. Incidentally, I recently came across a picture of the board for Nona, described
as a variant of Halma, invented by the Reverend J. H. Matthews, M. A., which was offered
by F. H. Ayres, the rivals of Jaques & Co., at least in the case of Reversi, as we've
seen above: One could presume that it has the same rules as Halma (possibly with moves being orthogonal
only or, for that matter, diagonal only) and with the cross-hatched squares indicating the starting positions of the
men of four sides. The black squares could be so colored for decorative purposes only, and the
double-sized squares could be obstacles. The fact that there are two squares behind the last row, in a row of their own, though,
invites speculation that capturing jumps might have been possible, with the player only
needing to get two pieces across to those two squares of the opposite opponent to win.
If so, that game would have belonged to the same group as those which we are now about to
consider. (One could even put Knights instead of Men on the two squares with the extra
lines on them, thus making the board an alternate board for the game of Chivalry!) The game that is the ostensible topic of this page is Chivalry, which became
available to the public in 1888 (some sources give 1887). It was also during 1888 that
George S. Parker and Company became Parker Brothers, and the packaging for Chivalry
was prepared before that happened. Chivalry continued to
be available until at least 1894. In 1930, a modified version of the game,
with somewhat fewer pieces and a slightly smaller board, was offered by Parker Brothers
under the name Camelot, and it continued to be sold by Parker Brothers until 1968.
In 1985, the game of Camelot was brought back under a new name, Inside Moves,
with changed styling, but it was discontinued the next year. A four-player version, Grand Camelot, was brought out in 1932, and a smaller
version of the game, Cam, was brought out in 1949. The image above, from left to right, illustrates the board and initial layout
for Chivalry, Camelot, Grand Camelot, and Cam. The pieces represented by circles are ordinary Men, and those represented
by diamonds are Knights. The basic rules are: Just as the game of Checkers allows moves to be recorded by assigning a number
to each black square, boards for the game of Camelot had numbers on the spaces as
well. Although this was not the case for Chivalry, a numbering system was also used
for both Grand Camelot and for Cam. I have not yet been able to recover all the
details of these latter numbering systems, however, but that for Camelot is: While Chivalry was first published in 1888, more than 100 years ago,
as it was an individual work of George Parker, it may be subject to
copyright protection until 2028, George Parker having passed away in 1953.
And, of course, trademark protection is applicable indefinitely. Additional information about these games is available on the BoardGameGeek
site, on Wikipedia, and on the
home
page of the World Camelot Federation. It might be noted that the World
Camelot Federation is encouraging the use of algebraic notation for Camelot and
related games, one reason being that it is more compatible with the computer
program Zillions of Games, but other reasons favor that as well. I am indebted to Michael Nolan for the information allowing me to create this chart
of the numbering scheme used for Grand Camelot, both from the material on his web site,
and a communication establishing additional details not present there: Halma and Chinese Checkers were discussed above. Parker Brothers brought out
their own unique variation on Chinese Checkers, which they called Peg Chow,
played on the board shown below: I had first seen this game in the book on woodworking projects for making
board games "Games You Can Make and Play" by Paul V. Champion. Note that each side has twelve men, despite the colored areas
on the board being larger in size than twelve spaces. I discuss that game here, rather than above, because the game set included rules
for a more challenging game, Telka, which was closely related to Chivalry and Camelot;
here, the object of the game was to get three men, not all twelve, into the twelve
starting spaces of the opponent opposite; and jumping over an opponent's piece in
the white area of the board, the "Danger Zone", captures that man. There is some evidence that the names Tekla and Peg Chow were only registered
by Parker Brothers in the 1930s, but also that they did produce a game in 1891
that at least used the identical board. The earlier board was decorated with
illustrations having a Classical theme instead of a Chinese one, suggesting that
the name Peg Chow was not used then. I have just recently located, in the October
22, 1891 number of The American Stationer, a reference to the name Telka having
been used by Parker for a game at that time, and presumably it was the
same game on the same board; the reference compares it to Chivalry, categorizing
the latter as a more "scientific" game, but praising Telka for its interest. Also,
Telka is advertised on the booklet for the "Amusing Reading Game" My Wife and I, also
from Parker, dated 1888. Despite this, though, U. S. Patent 2,187,808, granted on January 23, 1940, for which
the application was filed on May 14, 1938, was for the game Telka rather than
Peg Chow, because it specifically referenced the fact that pieces in the Danger
Zone could be captured. Subsequently, I encountered a thesis entitled "Amusements of Worcester School
Children", by Thomas R. Croswell, which was published in the Pedagogical Seminary,
volume VI, September 1899, referring to children in Worcester, Massachusetts,
in which the game of Telka is listed among games mentioned by children surveyed on
the amusements in which they engage. This, of course, adds little to the confirmation
provided by the other early references noted above, except to indicate that Telka
survived several years after 1891. The image below: shows the board and initial layout for the game of King's Court, sold briefly
by Golden Books, a division of the Western Publishing Company, during 1989.
Another image, of the board rotated 45 degrees counterclockwise from its position
in the diagram above, illustrates the color scheme used: This game is also known as Supercheckers, and its inventor, Christopher Wroth, has
regained the rights to the game, and has planned to publish it again himself. The pieces move as does a crowned man in Checkers, but with the additional
ability to jump over men of their own color without capturing them, and capturing
is optional as in Chess or the older jeu plaisant form of Checkers. Pieces
move only on the 64 light squares of the board. The game has
a setup phase consisting of the first two moves, in which jumps are not allowed,
where first one player moves one of his men into the central area, and then the other
player moves one of his men into the central area from the opposite side of the
board. After the setup phase, the first player to be eliminated from the central
area of the board loses. As pieces move only on the 64 light squares, it could be played on an ordinary
checkerboard with the pieces moving and jumping orthogonally, of course, but the
design of the board nicely reflects the fact that in Checkers, pieces move diagonally. One other game in which the object was to move one's pieces to the
starting squares of the opponent, but in addition captures were possible,
was played by the Zuni Indians. It was called the Game of the Stone
Warriors, or Awithlaknakwe; it is less well-known than another game
they played, the game of Kolowis Awithlaknannai, or Fighting Serpents. In this game, all the pieces moved diagonally forwards, as in
Checkers. Capture was custodian capture along diagonal lines. The first capture made by each side resulted in a piece becoming
available which was called the Priest of the Bow, and which could move
one space orthogonally as well as diagonally. The account I have does not give a complete set of rules. Apparently,
the special piece is received by the side that had a piece captured, not
the side making the capture, which seems odd by our standards, but if
the special piece needs to be re-entered on one of the six starting spaces,
instead of replacing the captured piece on its own square, the additional
orthogonal move is a small compensation for the loss of advancement. Also, if a player's obligation is always to get all his remaining pieces
to his opponent's back rank, is there some minimum number of pieces
greater than one that a player must have to be able to win, since having
fewer pieces to advance would seem to make winning easier? But then, perhaps this game is not intended to be one of all-out
competition. Or, perhaps captured pieces must be re-entered on the
starting row? In that case, the fact that while each square is crossed
by diagonal lines, but the squares are not chequered, makes it easier
for a careless player to re-enter a piece on a square which would be of
the wrong color on a chequered board, making winning impossible. The orthogonal move of the Priest of the Bow not only deals with that
problem in its case, but makes this left-behind and isolated piece
more adroit in avoiding capture; it could be usual to resign after a
second capture in any case. The account of it in Stewart Culin's Games of the North American
Indians stems from a report of the game made in 1893. Giving the matter some thought, I've come up with some additional rules
to add to the game which would make it into something people could play for fun. If a piece, other than the Priest of the Bow, is moved to one of the outside two
squares on either side of the board in the last row before the back rank of six spaces,
so that it can no longer move forward, yet has not reached the last row of six spaces,
it is removed from the board, and counted as if it was captured. The game is over when one player has moved all of his pieces, however many or few
they may be, to the far row of six spaces from which the opponent's pieces started. At the end of the game, each player counts the number of pieces he has captured,
and the number of pieces he has advanced to the final row. The player with the largest
total wins; if the two counts are equal, the player who ended the game by moving all
his remaining pieces to the back row is the winner. At some time prior to 1985, I had heard of the game Chivalry from the book
Great Board Games by Brian Love, as well as from reproductions of old mail-order
catalogues which showed the games of a bygone era; I remember being struck by
the fact that the game best known as Parcheesi was sold under the name of ChessIndia. Thus it was that when I saw the game Inside Moves appearing in stores, I
recognized it as a re-introduced, but shrunken, version of Chivalry. Although
Camelot had remained available until 1968 from Parker Brothers, and I remember at least
one time I visited the local Eaton's department store and purchased The Black Cat
Fortune Telling Game, another Parker Brothers game with a long vintage, I was completely
unaware that it had ever existed until very recently, and it was only thanks to
the Internet that I learned of it. Both Chivalry and Camelot received glowing testimonials from experts in the
games of Checkers, Bridge, and Chess, including J. R. Capablanca and F. J. Marshall
in the latter case. Despite being the brainchild of George S. Parker, and therefore having the resources
of Parker Brothers behind it, and being a game of apparent merit, widespread
recognition and popularity appears to have eluded Chivalry and its derivatives. Before asking why this might be, it should be noted that this is true of many
other games of strategy of merit. There was Ploy, mentioned above. There were
Scarney and Teeko. And, for that matter, there was Capablanca Chess, and there is
also the Hexagonal Chess of Wladyslaw Glinski. If one seeks a challenging game of skill to play, there are many traditional
choices with an extensive literature behind them; Chess, and also Chinese Chess and
Shogi; Checkers, and its Continental version; and even Go. People seeking lighter entertainment from a board game have traditional
choices as well, such as Snakes and Ladders, Chinese Checkers, or Backgammon,
for example, but in that area there is nothing comparable to either Monopoly
or The Game of Life, for example. Thus, when it comes to a proprietary
board game, what people tend to be expecting and looking for is something
that is exciting and entertaining, and elaborate and colorful. In addition to this, the investment in learning to play a game well, if that
game is nonproprietary, traditional, and well-recognized may be considered as
a more worthwhile investment, as it provides a skill that might be more
valuable, because it would be more likely to be recognized as impressive, and
it would be useful on more occasions. A very few proprietary games of skill have succeeded in obtaining enduring
popularity. The game Othello was one success, but in that case, success was
partly due to its bringing about a revival of Reversi. Another success was the
game of Master Mind, which Parker Brothers and now Hasbro sell in North America. The fact that capture is compulsory in Camelot, as in Checkers, somewhat
mitigates against it, in my opinion. Having Checkers as a basis is common
for games of that period, with Siege of Paris and The Strand War Game as
other examples, however. The reason I say this is partly that some temperaments tend
to resent the compulsion to move in a certain way, but also that, as current
experience with enabling computers to play games confirms, a compulsory capture
rule adds challenge to a game in the form of calculation, while games of skill
that rely more on pattern recognition are relying on a less fatiguing human ability. That being said, compulsory capture is essential to the game of Camelot for
two reasons. One is that since the goal of the game is to move two of one's pieces
to designated goal squares, a means is needed to counteract a strategy of blockade.
The second is that it adds to the distinctiveness of the Knight, which, in the
Knight's Charge, has an optional capturing move. Of course, neither Smess nor its later version All the King's Men succeeded
for Parker Brothers either, despite not having this particular feature. However,
the fact that the moves of the pieces were indicated by arrows on the board,
intended to make the games easier to learn, may also have tended to replace
pattern recognition by calculation, for that matter. Parker Brothers was also responsible for another game which could be considered
to be a simplified Chess variant: The game of Citadel was played with four types of pieces. The Citadel,
shown as a King, the Herald, shown as a Bishop, and the Baron, shown as a
Queen, all moved as did their corresponding Chess pieces. Capturing the Citadel
wins the game, so stalemating the opponent is a way to win. The Archer is shown
as a Pawn; however, its move is different from a Pawn's move. The Archer moves and
captures by moving one step orthogonally. In addition, it can move, but not
capture, by jumping over a friendly piece to the square beyond; this two-space
move can only be made in an orthogonal direction as well. Note that the orthogonal move of the Archer, and the diagonal move of the
Herald, are relative to the board itself when considered as a conventional
Chess board, not to its orientation; thus, the Herald moves to squares of
the same color in moving diagonally, although with the board as it is oriented,
those are moves up, down, left, and right. Because of the similarity between Chivalry and Checkers, it seems appropriate
to discuss another interesting game on this page which was based on Checkers,
although it does not include the additional possibility of jumping over one's
own men without capturing them. The illustration above shows the board and initial layout for the Strand War Game. This game was devised for the Strand Magazine, most famous as the original publisher
of the Sherlock Holmes mysteries, during the First World War, then known
as the Great War. The rules are: Clue, Pit, Monopoly, Chivalry, Camelot, Grand Camelot, Cam,
Inside Moves, Citadel, Smess, All the King's Men, Peg Chow, Telka, Hexagony, and The Black Cat Fortune Telling Game are,
of course, trademarks of Hasbro, the firm which currently owns Parker Brothers,
The Game of Life is a trademark of Hasbro, as it is also the firm that owns Milton Bradley,
King's Court is a trademark of Hasbro, not only as it is the firm that owns the boardgame operations
of the Western Publishing Company, but also because it published a card game by that name a few
years earlier, Parcheesi is a trademark of Hasbro, as it purchased
Coleco which purchased Selchow and Righter, Hexagony is a trademark of Hasbro, as it purchased
Strategic Publications International which purchased Avalon Hill,
and Cluedo is a trademark of Waddington's, and Ploy is a trademark of 3M,
formerly also known as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
Imperium is a trademark of Schmidt Spiele.
and Teeko and Scarney are trademarks
of John Scarne Games, Incorporated. Othello is a trademark of Tsukuda Original.
Master Mind is a trademark of Invicta Plastics.
The Game Itself
____ ____
| A| B|
____ ____ ____|____|____|____ ____ ____
| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 15| 16| 17| 18|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| 19| 20| 21| 22| 23| 24| 25| 26| 27| 28| 29| 30|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 31| 32| 33| 34| 35| 36| 37| 38| 39| 40| 41| 42|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 43| 44| 45| 46| 47| 48| 49| 50| 51| 52| 53| 54|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 55| 56| 57| 58| 59| 60| 61| 62| 63| 64| 65| 66|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 67| 68| 69| 70| 71| 72| 73| 74| 75| 76| 77| 78|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 79| 80| 81| 82| 83| 84| 85| 86| 87| 88| 89| 90|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 91| 92| 93| 94| 95| 96| 97| 98| 99| 100| 101| 102|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 103| 104| 105| 106| 107| 108| 109| 110| 111| 112| 113| 114|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 115| 116| 117| 118| 119| 120| 121| 122| 123| 124| 125| 126|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 127| 128| 129| 130| 131| 132| 133| 134| 135| 136| 137| 138|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 139| 140| 141| 142| 143| 144| 145| 146| 147| 148|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 149| 150| 151| 152| 153| 154| 155| 156|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| Y| Z|
|____|____|
____ ____
| A| B|
____ ____ ____|____|____|____ ____ ____
| C| D| E| F| G| H| I| J|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| K| L| M| N| O| P| Q| R| S| T|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| 10| 20| 30| 40| 50| 60| 70| 80| 90| 100| 110| 120|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| 1| 11| 21| 31| 41| 51| 61| 71| 81| 91| 101| 111| 121| 131|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 2| 12| 22| 32| 42| 52| 62| 72| 82| 92| 102| 112| 122| 132|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 3| 13| 23| 33| 43| 53| 63| 73| 83| 93| 103| 113| 123| 133|
____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____
| U| 4| 14| 24| 34| 44| 54| 64| 74| 84| 94| 104| 114| 124| 134| W|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| V| 5| 15| 25| 35| 45| 55| 65| 75| 85| 95| 105| 115| 125| 135| X|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 6| 16| 26| 36| 46| 56| 66| 76| 86| 96| 106| 116| 126| 136|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 7| 17| 27| 37| 47| 57| 67| 77| 87| 97| 107| 117| 127| 137|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 8| 18| 28| 38| 48| 58| 68| 78| 88| 98| 108| 118| 128| 138|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| 19| 29| 39| 49| 59| 69| 79| 89| 99| 109| 119| 129|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| AA| BB| CC| DD| EE| FF| GG| HH| II| JJ|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| KK| LL| MM| NN| OO| PP| QQ| RR|
|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| Y| Z|
|____|____|
A Little-Known Closely Related Game
Another Commercial Game With Both Kinds of Jump
A More Distant Relative
Some Comments
A Curiosity From Parker Brothers
Another Game Beyond Checkers
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